What are indoor plants?

Indoor plants or houseplants are plants that you can grow indoors. These plants can serve different purposes such as being decorative, purification of the air, physical health benefits, boost concentration, productivity, and more.

Most people love houseplants for their appearance. There are numerous types that you can choose from and they can really elevate your interior décor.

Others decide to have houseplants because they can purify the air. It all started with a NASA study from the 1980s which showed that indoor plants can reduce indoor air pollutants. Plants are natural air fresheners, which means you probably won’t have to invest in expensive technology. They produce oxygen and absorb the carbon dioxide that is present in your home. Indoor plants can also get rid of common toxins that might be present in your home such as ammonia, formaldehyde, xylene, benzene, and more. These are all ingredients that can be toxic to your body and lead to allergies and hypersensitivities.

Another reason why people want to get houseplants is their positive effect on humans’ psychological health, not only on the physical one. Seeing greenery can deliver positive vibes and make you feel better, reduce stress, improve concentration, and productivity. These plants can improve your mood at the same time, that’s why they’re a great choice for your home. People love decorating their workspace with houseplants as well so they can enjoy all their benefits, especially the ones related to productivity and boosted concentration.

How do you plant indoor plants?

It all depends on how you buy the plant initially. Most house plants come already planted in a pot, but if you want to repot one, there are certain tips and tricks that can help. For example, if the plant grows, it needs a bigger pot to thrive, or if you have plant bulbs that you want to plant in your own pot.

If you notice that your plant has outgrown its current pot, it’s time to replant it into a bigger one. The signs that you need to look for are roots that are growing over the planter or are peeking from the bottom of the planter, a plant that stops growing, a plant that shows signs of drying, the upper part of the plant becomes bigger than the pot, and more.

Plants usually require repotting once a year or once in 18 months. If you notice any of the signs that we mentioned above, it’s probably time that you find a bigger pot and replant your houseplant. There are also plants that don’t grow fast and only need new soil so they can get the essential nutrients and minerals.

If you want to plant bulbs, get a pot, potting mix, and your own indoor gardening tools. Fill the pot with the potting mix, making sure that it’s packed. You can add a little pressure with your hands so that there aren’t any air pockets. Place the plant in the center of the pot and add another layer of the potting mix.

How much light do indoor plants need?

Light is one of the most essential factors for indoor plants. The reason why light is so important is because of it’s the crucial part in the process called photosynthesis. Plants use this process to create food and energy so that they can grow.

But, not all houseplants need equal amounts and hours of daylight. Some thrive in darker rooms, while others require a lot of light so they can grow. Plants with green leaves require around eight hours of light per day. Cacti and succulents need sunlight throughout the entire day.

Before you know how and when to expose your indoor plants to light, it’s best if you research the plants’ needs, the hours of light required, and the type of light.

The good thing is that these days you can grow any type of plant indoors, even if you don’t have well-lit rooms. There are so many grow kits that will stimulate the growth of your plants during all their growth stages. With a small investment, you’ll be able to have the home garden you’ve always dreamed of.

What qualities make for a good indoor plant?

If you’re not sure how a healthy indoor plant should look, we’re here to help. It doesn’t matter whether you’re buying a new plant or you’re trying to keep the ones in your home looking good, there are signs of a healthy plant.

First of all, the leaves should look healthy and no signs of yellowing or browning. They should also be thick and not see-through.

There shouldn’t be any unpleasant smells coming from the plant. That’s always a bad sign and it might mean that your pet is infested with pests or is struggling to stay alive. You should act right away and consult with someone to figure out what you can do.

Check the plant for pests. You can usually see them on the undersides of the leaves or even all over the plant. They can look like tiny white dots that are infesting your plant.

The roots of a plant are one of its most important parts. Plants get their food and water through the system of roots, so if the roots are unhealthy the plant will not survive. They should feature a light color and should be thick. The roots shouldn’t be coming out of the pot or the drainage or the top of the pot. That means that the pot is too small for the plant and it’s been there for a long time. If you can’t see the roots, you can always take the plant out of the pot and check.

Which indoor plants require low light?

There are indoor plants that require low light conditions so they can thrive. These plant types are perfect for people whose homes don’t have too much natural light or rooms that are not well-lit. If not having enough light was a factor that prevented you from having houseplants, these will be perfect for your home.

Some of the low-light plants that you’ll love are dracaena, spider plant, pothos, peace lily, prayer plant, ZZ plant, philodendron, and more.

Five Plants anyone can grow indoors

Indoor plants, as beautiful as they are, can present a responsibility that not everyone is prepared for. But, if we tell you that there are plant types that don’t require too much of your attention and can grow well no matter of their surrounding conditions, would you be interested in those?
Below you’ll find the five best plants that anyone can grow indoors:

Sansevieria

Sansevieria is one of the best houseplants for both beginners and pros because it’s easy maintenance. This plant doesn’t require too much water, it can survive in low, medium, and well-lit areas, plus it doesn’t mind changes in temperatures in your room. As you can see, it’s a plant that works well for people who don’t have too much free time for plants, who don’t know a lot about plants, and for the ones who don’t have the proper conditions at home. At the same time, sansevieria is a plant that can clean the air and remove toxins from your household.

Aloe Plant

The aloe plant belongs to the family of succulents. There is no way that you haven’t heard of aloe so far and all of its amazing and beneficial properties.
The best part about this plant is that it doesn’t require too much water. It prefers dry soil, so even if you forget to water it from time to time it will still grow. However, it does like the sun. So if you opt for the aloe plant make sure that you place it somewhere near a sunny spot in your house.

Spider Plant

Spider plants not only look so good, but they are also easy to maintain. This is a type of plant that thrives best if there is high to medium brightness. They tend to grow a lot, and there are different spider plants that you can choose from. This is the plant you want in your home if you’re obsessed with hanging plants.

Christmas Cactus

The Christmas cactus is such a beautiful plant with the most stunning red or dark pink flowers. If you prefer plants that bloom, this one is it. The flowers will show up just in time for Christmas, which is another reason why you need it. When it comes to the house conditions, it does like light but it can survive in low-lit rooms. When it comes to water, it needs to be moderately dry.

Peace Lily

The Peace Lily will captivate you with its stunning white flowers. Aside from looking fantastic, this plant is so easy to take care of. It will survive in both bright rooms and rooms that only feature low light. Make sure that you moist the soil evenly because this plant enjoys humid conditions. It also prefers rooms that are warm.

Summary

Growing indoor plants is such a pleasure once you get familiar with all the basics. Now that you’ve read this article, you’ll know which are the best types if you have limited light exposure in your house, and others that require little maintenance. So far, which one do you like the most?

Besides all these positive contributions, weeds often choke vegetable gardens. Their potential to grow faster increases competition for space and important nutrients, causing a general reduction in crop yield. Controlling weeds requires some bit of knowledge on weed ecology [1] coupled with a little effort, which can be challenging at first. We know that most first-time organic gardeners are always on the lookout for ways on how to get rid of weeds in vegetable gardens naturally.

Well, this article will give you a quick highlight of some of the most effective natural weed control methods for you to use in your vegetable garden today.

Mulch

Mulching refers to the layering of protective materials on top of your vegetable garden soil. This protective layer results in delayed soil warming that slows down the growth of weeds but provides more nutrients for your vegetables.

Research [2] explains that organic mulch hinders weeds from germinating and prevents the emergence of sprouting weeds. Therefore, mulching ensures that your vegetables don’t get unnecessary competition for important resources, and improves overall crop yield naturally.

White vinegar

Apart from salad dressing and cleaning, white vinegar can also kill weeds. Interestingly, this multipurpose solution contains a weed-killing agent[3] called acetic acid .

Unlike the many herbicides out there, this weed-toxic agent does not affect the environment.
However, you will need to be careful when applying it. For best results, simply spray your white vinegar directly on the weed plant just when they are nearly spawning. Killing them at this stage deters seed formation and breaks its generational succession. Be careful not to spray your vegetables, as they will not select and spare.

Boiling water

As dangerous as it always sounds, hot water is another great non-chemical weed management method [4]. Simply bring the water in your kettle to boil then pour it on the unwanted plants in your vegetable garden. As morbid as it might seem, hot water essentially burns the weeds down and destroys their spawns.

However, you should take care and watch out for your vegetables, as this method is highly non-selective, and might harm your crops too.

Salt water

Research [5] touts the use of saltwater as an excellent sustainable weed control measure. This saline solution largely dehydrates the weed and the surrounding soil. This restricts water uptake and thereafter chokes the unwanted plants to death.

As another non-selective yet natural way to control weeds, you might want to apply your salt-water solution in areas where there are no vegetables and to areas along the perimeter of your vegetable garden.

Corn meal

Also known as corn gluten meal, cornmeal is a research-proven non-chemical weed control alternative [6] especially for pre-emergent weeds. This means that a quick spread of cornmeal on your vegetable garden will inhibit the sprouting of weed seeds.

Note that this method only works on seeds and is less effective on growing plants. Apart from helping you control the emergence of weed species, cornmeal guarantees the continuous provision of nitrogen to the soil.

Dig and hoe

Digging and hoeing are some of the oldest ways to get rid of weeds naturally. It is one of the most efficient weed control methods especially for getting rid of recurring weeds. The continual growth of weeds in your garden means that their roots have become more persistent.

To get rid of such annoying plants, you’ll need to dig them out. Hoe is the most common digging tool for this purpose but you can also use a spade or farm fork. During digging, avoid using too much pressure or you might uproot your vegetables in the process.

Weed barrier

Putting down a weed barrier is one of the best ways to hinder the growth of weeds. The two most common types of weed barriers used today include newspapers and cardboards. Once in place, weed barriers usually cut down the supply of water and light [7], making it very hard for weeds to grow.

Before you start layering your weed barriers, make sure that you have prepared your garden bed well, mixed the soil with organic compost, and properly placed the soaker hose.

Mulch is a form of natural weed barrier. Other weed barrier types include fabric and plastic options.

Using Your Hand

As old-fashioned, as it may seem, pulling weeds with your hands, is one of the most successful ways to get rid of weeds from any vegetable garden naturally. This non-chemical method only requires keen attention so that you don’t disturb the soil too much, and a pair of gardening gloves to prevent unintentional weed dispersal. Unlike the other methods that generally suppress weed growth, the by-hand method offers a long-term solution for your vegetable garden.

Practice cover cropping

Cover cropping is a scientifically proven weed control method [8] that effectively suppresses its development and improves vegetable yield. Therefore, consider planting cover crops (plants not for harvesting) the next time you want to get rid of weeds in your garden. This will help protect the topsoil from erosion and can act as mulch when you’re ready to grow vegetables again.

Some common examples of cover crops include millet and buckwheat for hot seasons and crimson clover during cold conditions.

Summary

The occurrence of weeds in your vegetable garden isn’t uncommon. Weeds aren’t picky and they happen to grow alongside other cultivated plants. As natural as it may seem, many often rush to use chemical herbicides to control their growth but end up hurting the environment. To avoid harming the soil or your precious vegetables, use any of the discussed methods to get rid of weeds in your vegetable garden naturally.

Citations

1. https://eorganic.org/node/2314
2. https://eorganic.org/node/4871
3. https://www.thespruce.com/vinegar-as-a-natural-weed-killer-2132943
4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296011430_Effect_of_hot_water_on_weeds
5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289202827_Use_of_saline_water_for_weed_control_in_seashore_Paspalum_Paspalum_vaginatum
6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237728065_Chapter_35_The_Use_of_Corn_Gluten_Meal_As_A_Natural_Preemergence_Weed_Control_in_Turf
7. https://www.permaculturenews.org/2017/04/19/weed-barriers-can-improve-quality-garden/
8. https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2134/agronj2017.12.0752

Source: freepik.com

Palm trees grow wild, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. Two types of palms grow wild in Europe. The small date palm in the western Mediterranean (Chamaerops humilis). In Crete and sporadically along the southwestern coast of Turkey, an endemic species of Cretan date grows.

Palm trees are tree-like (sometimes shrub-like), often very tall plants, usually with an unbranched, stepped trunk. All the leaves are gathered in a large bud at the top of the tree, forming a tufted crown. The trees are covered with larger or smaller leaf scars. Some Asian species have thin, springy stems and grow like creepers.

The leaves are large, spirally arranged, fan-shaped, or pinnately divided.

Numerous flowers are collected in large flowers that most often emerge from the axils of the leaves. Initially, they were dressed in unique accessories, similar to a large leaf (spatha). The props are green, very rarely in any other color. Flowers are usually unisexual, sometimes bisexual, and plants are occasionally dioecious. Pollination is done by wind (anemogamy) and with the help of insects (entomogamy).

All of the above makes them very interesting for producing decorative items for the home. 

Palm tree bathroom accessory

Almost no details for the bathroom cannot be made from palm wood, wicker, and the like. From this material, you can earn (or buy) supports and holders for soap and shampoo, towels, make shelves, or even a “fence” for the shower cabin.

The fine texture and discreet color of palm wood have the characteristic of easily fitting into any environment, and the quality of this wood guarantees the longevity of the objects made from it.

The roughness of this wood makes it ideal for building floor coverings. Also, a “grid” will stand in the shower cabin or floor mat next to the bathtub to prevent slipping when you get out of the shower. So, practicality and aesthetics in one product.

Modern trends related to the return to nature and environmental awareness impose natural materials as the ideal choice for construction. Primary products that will replace plastic and all its sub-variants. After all, while plastic was widespread, many objects were made of natural materials – wood, for example. We are returning to our roots and realizing the importance of using those materials.

Source: freepik.com

Palm tree party decoration

Palmwood has found an exceptional use for decorative purposes – even for celebrations. The base consists only of natural or artificial wood planted in large pots so that it is a decoration.

However, it is increasingly used to build objects outdoors or indoors in the entertainment industry – for various celebrations, receptions, cafes, and restaurants.

Palm wood is suitable for making various fans, diaphragms, shades, decorations, chairs and tables, and many other items. The low hardness of the wood itself facilitates its processing and formation of various shapes. Objects of the most complex shapes and forms can be easily created from the palm tree.

The structure of this wood allows it to receive and absorb paints and varnishes very quickly, so it is not a problem to get the desired colors. When you add it all up, it is not difficult to conclude that palm wood is ideal for almost all applications in the entertainment industry. What’s more, palm wood fans have been trendy in recent times.

Palm tree bedroom decor

Palm wood is also used in the bedroom. This material is also used in other places besides classic and well-known lamps and other creations related to light sources (chandeliers, lampshades, etc.).

For example, wardrobes, bedside tables, changing screens, a table, a chair, and a makeup mirror frame can be made, as well as floor coverings instead of classic textile coverings.

Source: freepik.com

Window curtains can also be made of palm wood, which gives the overall ambiance a specific – “natural” look. Moreover, the classic canopy can also be made from strips of palm wood. The appearance is exceptional, so the palm wood shaped like this can be found in the most exclusive and avant-garde places.

Palm tree kitchen decorations

The kitchen is one of the few rooms in an apartment or house which can withstand an unimaginable combination of materials equally well. It is the same situation with palm wood, which can find multiple uses in the kitchen – from pieces of furniture to holders for dishes and cutlery, lampshades, and floor coverings.

Why floor coverings? Such mats do not slip, and it is known that water, perhaps oil, or any other fat is often spilled in the kitchen.

However, that’s not the end either: palm wood is used to make decorative items, such as plate holders, candle holders, or wine baskets. In short – whatever you can think of that has any practical or ornamental value, most such items can be made from palm wood.

Just look at the selection in stores specializing in home decor items! You probably have never paid attention to how many of them are made of this material, and when you study it, you will surely be surprised at the extent to which palm wood is used to produce such items. In a wide variety of shapes and colors.

Like any other practice in life, gardening also comes with its fair share of challenges. If this is your first time setting up one, you can expect the process to be a little daunting at first, but I promise that you’ll love the outcome.

Simply think of it as a hobby and enjoy every single minute while at it.
Luckily, this article tackles the question of how to start a vegetable garden, and discusses various tips that will help you plan, prepare, plant, and maintain your garden.

Start the Garden Small

Before trying out something new, strategists always advise that you start small. Apart from being largely economical, starting small helps to project and simulate the overall experience in a bigger context.

The case isn’t any different when it comes to gardening. Beginners should always start by setting up a small vegetable garden. Smaller setups are much more manageable than bigger ones, giving you more time to hone your technique and increase production.

Therefore, the most basic vegetable garden size to start with should measure 10ft. by 10ft. That’s nearly the size of an average bedroom. Apart from making it easier to carry on with your chores, this average-sized vegetable garden is capable of producing enough produce for your family through summer.

For those who might find this size a little intimidating, feel free to go even smaller. If you’d like, consider starting a vegetable container garden and remember to tend to it regularly.

Pick the Right Vegetable Garden Location

Planning is the most fundamental part of gardening, and it’s directly proportional to your overall success. And picking the right location for your vegetable garden is the first step in this planning list and needs a lot of serious considerations to be made.

We all know that plants need sunshine to make their food, right? Well, this little fact greatly influences your decision to determine the right location for your vegetable garden. On average, most vegetables require a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight for maximum productivity. With this in mind, I can’t stress enough how important it is for you to pick the sunniest spot in your compound.

If you’re picking a garden location during the spring, you must project both sun and shade behavior during winter and summer. This way you will be sure of getting maximum production throughout the year.

Another critical consideration before picking that sweet garden site is to look out for deciduous trees, common rookie mistakes that might drain your garden’s lifespan. A sunny winter spot under such trees quickly turns to shady-dark at the start of spring.

Other considerations include picking a place with well-drained soils, less strong winds, and less foot traffic. Constant disturbances will stress your veggies out and reduce their yield. Be mindful of all these things before picking that sweet spot for your vegetable garden.

Choose the Right Vegetables for the Garden

Now that you’ve already picked the right location for your vegetable garden, it’s time to get our hands dirty. Before jumping straight to planting, you’ll have to decide on the kind of vegetables that you’d like to grow in your garden.

To choose the right vegetables for your garden, you will have to keep several considerations in mind. Given the plethora of vegetable options available at your nearest garden center, you must begin by doing personal research first before making a choice. For instance, there are several types of tomatoes available, and not all of them are your best. Try out the different varieties and note the one that’s loved the most by your family. Spend time to know your kid’s preferences and focus more on growing those that they like the most.

Vegetable gardening promotes a continuous supply of fresh foods and it’s very tempting to keep on adding more plants. To help you choose the right veggies for your garden, you must determine and quantify vegetable consumption in your home. Knowing how much your family consumes enables you to balance their needs and rate of plant growth. In simple terms, this information enables you to choose and grow plants whose production rate matches the demand from your household. This tactic helps to prevent overplanting.

Balancing vegetable availability and gardening is also crucial in choosing the right plants for your garden. Keeping this tip in mind enables you to avoid planting readily available veggies and allows you to focus on growing those that might be rather hard to find. Besides, you can choose to grow superior versions of readily available vegetables.

The final consideration relates to the huge debate of seeds versus starter plants. Well, if you’re just starting, starter plants are the safest way to kick start your gardening project. Using seeds can sometimes be discouraging, especially when they fail to germinate.

Once you’ve known what your family loves to eat and figured out your consumption rate, consult to find out if they’ll perform well in your area. In case, you’ll be using seeds – you’ll need to make sure that they are of very high quality. Read the packaging and dig around for reviews, to know if it’s the right choice for your garden.

Prep the Garden Soil

Soil is extremely essential in a plant’s life. It forms the medium that provides plants with nutrients, minerals, water, and root support. Before you start planting, it’s important that you prep your soil first.

To test and fix your soil quickly, you might need to have a self-soil-testing kit. For those who might not have one, all you need to do is to soak some of the soil for 24 hours. Dig some of the soaked soil and squeeze it hard in your hand to test for drainage.

If water oozes out and the soil doesn’t form a ball, it will mean that your garden soil has poor drainage. To fix this, you can choose to either install raised plant beds or mix the soil with compost material (organic matter).

If the squeezed soil forms a ball and only crumbles when poked, then it is in great condition for gardening, and you can proceed to set up sunken garden beds for planting.

How to Start a Contain Vegetable Garden

Container vegetable gardens are some of the most rapidly growing types of gardening in the world, especially among city dwellers. It’s a very convenient way to ensure you get healthy and fresh vegetables even with a small space.

If you’re wondering how you can start a container vegetable garden, consider the following tips and you’ll be ready to go.

1. Choose what you would like to grow in your container vegetable garden
2. Procure the container for this purpose – deep containers are great for leafy and fruity vegetables and shallow ones are best for growing herbs
3. Fill the container with up to 5 inches of compost soil then plant your sprouts/seeds
4. Find and place your container in a location with the most sunlight through the day
5. Plan to water your container veggies regularly – always check the soil first before watering. To prevent overwatering, only water your veggies when the soil feels dry
6. Use simple hand-held cultivators to remove weeds and aerate the top soil
7. For constant supply keep at least 2 containers of the same vegetable and plan to replant/reseed after every 2 to 4 weeks
8. Use a pair of scissors to harvest and only snip the leaves at the base of the stem

As you can see, starting a container vegetable garden isn’t very difficult. Just remember to keep your container gardens at an elevated surface away from the reach of most pets.

Vegetable Garden Ideas and Tips

Apart from the above, there are some tips and tricks that you can follow to make sure your vegetables grow at the rate you want them to and are not affected by external conditions.

Water your vegetables wisely

Most vegetables require an inch of water per week. Using an automatic water timer is the best way to ensure that all your plants are getting their weekly water requirement. If your budget can’t allow you to get one now, simply plan to irrigate your garden with either soaker hose pipes or drip lines. Once your watering system is ready to run, set it for slow irrigation to allow for maximum root absorption, soil hydration, and drier foliage (to avoid diseases and rotting).

Practice mulching

Mulching generally improves the health of plants and it’s one of the best ways to increase your vegetable yield.

Apart from insulating your veggies and soil from harsh conditions, organic mulch prevents the growth of weeds, prevents moisture loss, and protects your plants from diseases. However, before you purchase any type of mulch from your local stores, remember to check for a seal from the Mulch and Soil Council [1]. This non-profit organization regulates and only certifies safer mulch for sale.

Practice caution during pest control

Pests are generally a nuisance, and we are always on the lookout for ways to destroy them. In gardening, it’s important to note that pests only form a tiny fraction of the insect species. That said, it would be detrimental if you rush to use synthetic products to kill the pests in your vegetable garden. Most of these insecticides are non-selective and using them often kills important pollinators as well as other beneficial insects [2].

Alternatively, use well-drained soils, high-quality seeds/seedlings, and unlimited exposure to sunlight.

Use more organic compost

Overfertilization deceptively makes your leafy vegetables lusher but in a real sense, it lowers fruition and overall yield. The excessive use of fertilizer also takes a toll on the health and quality of your garden soil, causing harm to your veggies.

Therefore, you must replace these fertilizers with compost and organic materials, which naturally enriches the soil and guarantees better yield. What’s more, you’ll get to enjoy tastier fruits and better veggies compared to using fertilizers.

How to Water Your Vegetable Garden

Water is a universal necessity for life to exist. Unless it rains daily in your area, you will need to plan on how to water your vegetable garden.

For increased efficiency, the automatic or timer-set watering systems are the best. For those working within a limited budget, hand watering will also get the job done as you exercise your arms. Many applaud hand-watering techniques claiming that it gives you the chance to inspect your garden for pests as you relax too. On the other hand, setting up a drip line also gives gardeners more convenience. Just ensure that the water delivery is slow for maximum root absorption.

Other than buying and using water hoses and nozzles, making a watering plan will ensure that your vegetables get their daily water requirement.

Summary

Gardening is a very rewarding and relaxing hobby that almost anyone can do. Starting a vegetable garden can be a little challenging, especially if it is your first time. Simply use the different tips and tricks highlighted above and you’ll be on your way to eating fresh, tastier, and juicy vegetables.

Citations

1. https://www.mulchandsoilcouncil.org/certification.php
2. http://ipm.ucanr.edu/mitigation/protect_beneficials.html

Vegetable oil spray

Vegetable oil is one of the best natural insecticides that you can actually find in your kitchen. There is no need to splurge on expensive products because you can make one yourself and it won’t take too much of your time. If you’ve been wondering what to spray on your vegetable garden for bugs, now you have the answer.

Vegetable oil can kill the little pests that are destroying your garden because it covers their bodies and doesn’t let them breathe. The bugs will suffocate and will help you solve your problem without using chemical harmful insecticides. It works great for spider mites, thrips, whiteflies, aphids, and more.

To prepare the vegetable oil spray you should mix one cup of vegetable oil and one tablespoon of soap. Mix the two ingredients very well. Also, you can keep it in a jar for a few weeks, however, make sure that you’re storing it in a dark and cool place in your house. It’s best if you transfer the liquid into a spray bottle for easier use. Moreover, before you spray, mix two teaspoons of the mix with one quart of water. Shake everything together again and spray it on your vegetables.

Soap spray

Soap is another amazing ingredient that can help you get rid of bugs. You don’t want any pests destroying the garden that you worked so hard on! That’s why you should reach for the dish soap that you have at home and prepare a homemade natural insecticide. Soap is extremely useful against whiteflies, aphids, mites, and beetles.

Even if you’re not a big believer in natural pest control, this soap spray will change your mind. You’ll notice that it’s made with the two simplest ingredients, and it’s safe for your whole household. If you’ve been having doubts about harsh chemicals, check out what you can do. Soap works in a way that dehydrates bugs and pests. It coats their bodies, clogs their pores, and prevents them from breathing.

To prepare the recipe, combine five tablespoons of dish soap with four cups of water. It’s best if you pour them into a spray bottle so that you can use the spray right away. Also, don’t forget to mix the two ingredients very well. You can use it whenever you need to, however, it’s better to avoid days that are too hot and sunny and, rather, use it during the morning or in the evening.

Neem oil spray

Neem has been used for a very long time in medicine as an amazing natural ingredient. Now you can fight the bugs in your vegetable garden with neem oil. Thanks to its bad smell and bitter taste, bugs will stay away from the plants, and you will be able to avoid using chemicals.

The oil is extracted from the neem tree that grows mainly in India. Although it can affect pests, it’s not toxic to people, animals, or birds and it can be used for cooking.

This oil is both an insecticide and has antifungal properties. In other words, it can kill pests and kill fungi. It works on mites, aphids, corn earworms, whiteflies, scales, and more, at all stages of their life. When it comes to fungi, it’s effective on rusts, wilts, mildews, rusts, and more. This oil spray messes with their hormones and prevents them from eating your vegetables.

The recipe is quite simple and easy to prepare. Combine one teaspoon mild liquid soap, two teaspoons neem oil, and a quart of water. Mix all the ingredients together and transfer them to a spray bottle. Spray it on your plants and voila! What’s even better is that you can use it as a prevention for the vegetables that you know will probably get attacked by bugs. It will keep them safe for a while, then you can spray again. The average effect of this oil spray is around 20 days. Also, it works best for younger plants.

Use the spray in the morning or in the evening, so that you can protect the bugs that are actually good for your plants.

Diatomaceous earth

Pest control will become much easier once you learn how to use diatomaceous earth. This insecticide comes with a complicated name, but it does an amazing job at keeping your garden safe from bugs. You can use it to get rid of aphids, crickets, snails, centipedes, Japanese beetles, and more. It’s most effective for bugs that get in touch with the garden or crawl on the area where you sprinkle it.

Diatomaceous earth comes from a rock that is created with algae called diatoms. You can find it in many garden stores. This natural ingredient uses dehydration as a mechanism to kill bugs. It strips their lipids, dehydrates them and solves your pest problem. To apply it, you just need to sprinkle it on the soil or on the plants.

Diatomaceous earth does the best work when you add it to a dry area. You should avoid using it right after it’s rained or after you’ve watered the plants. So, apply it when the soil is dry and it will stay on top of the soil. Water can transfer it to the lower parts of the soil, and that’s something you don’t want to happen. First, sprinkle it on the plants while the soil and area are dry. If it rains, you should repeat the process. You should also avoid using it on flowers.

Garlic spray

Bugs hate the strong scent of garlic, so it’s only logical to use this vegetable to fight those little pests. They are so unhappy with it that they decide not to feed on vegetables. This is great news since most of us already have garlic at home. It makes the whole experience effortless, plus cost-efficient. Although it’s still not completely clear whether garlic kills insects or just repels them with the scent, it still does a good job at keeping them away from your vegetables.

To protect your vegetable garden all you need is 10 to 12 garlic cloves, a quart of water, and a blender. Fill the blender with the garlic cloves and blend to get a puree. Next, add the water and mix the ingredients together. Leave the garlic spray overnight and use a strain to transfer it into a quart jar. To finish the recipe, you will need to also add one teaspoon of mild liquid soap and fill the rest of the jar with water.

Before using the garlic spray, you will need to dilute one cup of the mixture with one quart of water. You can fill it in a spray bottle for simple use.

To upgrade the recipe and make it stronger you can add half a cup of vegetable oil or one tablespoon of cayenne pepper. After you add these ingredients, you need to let the mixture sit overnight and strain it again. Dilute with water before using it as we described above. Feel free to use it for several weeks, it won’t go bad. Just keep it in a cool and dark spot.

Chile pepper spray

This is another powder that you probably have in your kitchen cabinets. Hot peppers are hot and can be very irritating to bugs. It’s most effective for squash bugs, aphids, and Japanese bean beetles. Before you start making any recipe make sure that you’re careful because hot peppers can be irritating to the skin, eyes, nose.

If you want to prepare a chile pepper spray, you will either need chile pepper powder or fresh hot peppers. Combine one tablespoon of powder, a few drops of mild liquid soap, and one quart of water. Mix all the ingredients together. Transfer the mixture to a spray bottle and you’re ready to go. If you only have fresh hot peppers, don’t worry, we’ve got a recipe for you as well. Blend half a cup of hot peppers in your blender with one cup of water. Once you’re done, add one quart of water to the mixture. Let it boil and leave it on the side. Wait for the mixture to cool down and use a strain. Include a few drops of mild liquid soap and transfer it to a spray bottle.

You can apply it in the evening so that it does its magic during the night when the pests come out. The spray is effective for up to one week, after that, you’ll have to reapply it. After picking your vegetables, wash them very well.

All-in-one homemade spray

Okay, now let’s mix many different ingredients that fight bugs that can damage your garden. What better way to keep your plants safe than to combine several natural ingredients that are either insecticides or repellents?

This all-in-one homemade spray includes garlic, onion, cayenne pepper powder, liquid soap, and water. Put one bulb of garlic in your blender together with one onion. Blend them together. Next, combine the mixture with one tablespoon of cayenne pepper and mix everything together. Let it steep for about an hour. When the time is up strain it, and add one tablespoon of liquid soap. Your new insecticide is ready to tackle the bugs in the garden. It can last up to seven days, but make sure that you keep it in the fridge.

Tomato leaf spray

If insects have been all over your vegetable garden, it’s time to spur into action. Did you know that the leaves of tomatoes can help you get rid of these pests? Let’s start with the fact that these leaves contain alkaloids that are successful in the fight against bugs. Tomatine and solanine are the two chemicals that do the job. Another interesting thing is that tomato leaves are rich in nicotine, which is very powerful against bugs and insects. You can both grow plants and use them to fight the bugs that attack them at the same time. Impressive, right?

Now, for the recipe. You will need two cups of fresh tomato leaves and one quart of water. Chop the leaves and add them to the water. Let the mixture stay overnight and use a strain to transfer the water into a spray bottle. You can spray it directly on the plants.

Summary

After reading about all of these choices will you go back to using store-bought chemical pesticides or will you decide to make yours at home? As you can see, ingredients such as soap, chile pepper powder, tomato leaves, and garlic can all be used for pest control. The recipes are very easy to make, and they will save you some money.

Before harvesting a cannabis plant

Before you harvest your weed plants, you should do an activity called flushing the weed plants [1]. This entails giving the plants straight water to get rid of nutrient buildup. How much water should you give each plant? The recommendation is 3 times the volume of the pot in which it is planted. Ideally, you should start with 1 to 2 liters and observe how your plant reacts. Gradually increase the amount of water but do not drown the plant.

A good sign that you are flushing is the color of the excess water that will come out through the drainage holes at the bottom of the container. The water will be dark-colored at first, and the color will become lighter with repeated flushing. Flushing gets rid of the excess fertilizer and prompts the plant to utilize the nutrients it has absorbed previously.

You should do this daily for at least a week before harvesting. In states where you can grow weed at home, there is a limitation on the number of plants you can grow. Usually, the limit is 6, but you should check your state’s laws beforehand and adhere to the given limit. Marijuana plants grown at home are not many so they can be harvested at the same time, usually within a day or two. You can choose to cut down all your weed plants at once. On the day you decide to do this, you can call a friend or two for help. This will help you finish the work faster.

If you have different weed strains, you may choose to cut and trim them on different days to avoid a mix-up. Besides, different strains ripen at different times. However, if you grew the same strain, you should harvest all the plants at the same time because they ripen at the same time. Before setting a day for trimming, decide if you will trim the plants dry or wet. In wet trimming, you will trim the buds immediately after cutting down the main plant. In dry trimming, you will hang the plants to dry for a couple of days before trimming.

Another preparation step you should take is gathering or purchasing the equipment for harvesting marijuana [2]. The tools you will require are explained below.

Scissors

You will use a pair of scissors a lot, so you must invest in a high-quality pair. You do not want to get blisters, so the pair of scissors should have an ergonomic design. They should also fit comfortably in your hand. Some scissors work best for people with small hands, while others are more suitable for bigger hand sizes. Choose a pair that is neither too small nor too big for your hands. As you use the scissors to trim the weed, they will become sticky, and this will affect how you work. You can make your life easier by investing in a pair with sharp and easy-to-clean blades.

If you can, you should purchase two pairs of scissors. Working with two pairs will be easier because you can switch them when one pair gets too wet for cleaning. If you window shop for a pair of scissors right now, you will realize that there are many different types. Some have springs while others do not. Some people prefer the spring-loaded type because they are more intuitive and feel quicker to work with. On the other hand, many weed trimmers argue that Chikamasa scissors are better. These are not spring-loaded and require a bit of time to get used to. Even so, they are more precise and swift to use.

Pruners

A pair of ordinary scissors cannot cut larger branches hence the importance of pruners. Ensure you get high-quality and strong pruners for this task and save the scissors for more precise work.

Comfortable Chair and Work Area

You will spend a considerable amount of time trimming your plants, so you must ensure you are comfortable. Get a high-quality and well-padded seat that will make you feel settled in for several hours. You should not hunch over during trimming as this will compress your lower back and cause tiredness and aches. It is also important to choose a work area that will enhance your comfort. The areas you choose should be well-lit. Do not choose a location with particulates, dust, hair, or other extraneous material that could contaminate your weed.

Tray, Bowl, and Clean Working Surface

As you trim your weed plants, you will need a collecting tray. Many people prefer trimming trays because you can easily place one on your lap and continue your work. A simple tray that can fit on your lap will do just fine. Avoid trays with complicated designs. You need the bowl to place your finished buds as you continue working. A working surface that looks like a kitchen counter and is easy to clean is also needed for the trimming process.

Rubbing Alcohol

We mentioned earlier that scissors will definitely get wet as you trim your weed. They will have a resin buildup that will slow you down. Rubbing alcohol during the trimming process because helps remove the resin. Always have a clean rag and some rubbing alcohol within reach.

Proper Working Clothes

Wear an apron or old clothes when trimming your weed plants. This is because they will get soiled, and resin is not the easiest thing to clean. A silk apron is preferred because resin does not stick to silk, so cleaning the apron will not be a headache. It is also important to put on gloves as you work to avoid staining your hands. If using gloves makes you feel uncomfortable, rub some olive or coconut oil on your hands before trimming to prevent resin from building up on your hands.

Entertainment

As earlier mentioned, the trimming process will take some time, so you will need some form of entertainment to keep you going. You can use music, audiobooks, podcasts, or stand-up comedy episodes for entertainment.

When to harvest your cannabis plants

Do you think that your weed plants are ready for harvest, but are they really? If you are doubtful, then you need to learn more about the indicators that your weed plants are ready for harvesting and trimming. Remember that you have invested a lot in the plants, including buying and installing the best LED grow lights or other grow lights, so you have to be sure that your plants are ready for harvest. Although there are general indicators, you should always remember that each plant is unique. Different strains also mature at different rates. Generally, the signs that it is time for harvest [3] are:

• The leaves start yellowing and curling. Some even start falling off.
• The buds become plump and look well developed. They do not appear to be growing bigger.
• The branches become heavy and start hanging due to the weight of the swelling buds.

Why Time is Not a Good Indicator

When we grow other plants in our indoor and outdoor gardens, we use the time to tell maturity. However, the same cannot be applied to weed. This is primarily because the maturity of weed plants varies depending on the strain, location of growth, type of plant, and the growing conditions. Sativa cannabis species, for example, grow and mature slower than the Indica varieties. Due to these differences, you cannot use time as a reliable indicator of the weed harvesting time.

Instead of Checking Time, Check the Trichomes

What exactly are trichomes, and how can you use them to tell whether it is time for harvesting weed? Trichomes are [4] the shiny and sticky crystals found in cannabis flowers and have a pleasant smell. They contain the cannabinoids that many weed consumers are after and are also a natural defense for the marijuana plant. If you monitor the trichomes properly, you will be able to tell when to harvest your weed plants.

If you wish to use trichomes to tell the time for harvest, you ought to be very keen. Opacity and color are two key features you should be observing. Normally, cannabis trichomes are tiny in size, so you will need a magnifying glass or jewelers loupe to examine them. Ideally, you should observe the trichomes often, even before the general signs of maturity we discussed earlier are observed. Trichomes change throughout the cannabis growing cycle. They usually change from milky to cloudy before becoming amber.

What exactly should you look out for? If you observe that the trichomes are clear, you should know that your weed plant is immature, and the cannabinoid known as Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC is not well developed. If you observe the trichomes and they are fully cloudy, you can harvest the plants. At this point, the buds are well developed, and the cannabinoids are stronger.

If you allow the plant to grow further and the trichomes change color to amber, you will get a very strong product. Weed harvested at this stage gives a more heavy-body and lethargic high. It gives a sleepy or sedated vibe after consumption. If you are still in doubt about the weed’s maturity, harvest your weed plants when the trichomes are mainly cloudy and have a little amber color. Do not harvest them when they are a mixture of cloudy and clear. Harvesting the plants early will make you regret more than harvesting them a tad too late.

Trichomes and Autoflowers

Should you observe the trichomes for auto-flower cannabis plants? The reality is that figuring out when an auto-flower is ready for harvesting is a little challenging, especially because this variety does not always lose leaves in maturity. In autoflowers, the trichomes also change from clear to cloudy and finally amber, but this transition is not obvious. In fact, some trichomes in autoflowers do not turn amber. If you have auto-flowers, you should use a bit of personal judgment when deciding the harvesting time.

Autoflowers normally have a growth timeframe, usually provided by the breeders. Always check the recommended time, usually 12 weeks from sowing the seeds to harvest. The indicated duration will give you a general idea of when the weed plants will be ready for harvest. However, this is not set in stone. Your auto-flowers can mature faster or slower than the predicted time. You can harvest an autoflower if the trichomes appear cloudy for at least 7 days.

How to harvest a cannabis plant step by step

Harvesting your cannabis plant should be done carefully. You do not want to mess anything up after all the love and care you have provided to your plants. Weed is best harvested early in the morning, so you should prepare well the night before. Some people harvest weed by chopping the entire plant down while others harvest in sections, especially if they are huge. Regardless of the harvesting style you choose, below are the simple steps you should follow to harvest marijuana properly [5].

Step 1: Cut the Plant and Its Branches

Some marijuana plants are quite large, while others are small. Depending on the size of the plant, you can choose to cut the branches first or chop down the entire plant at the base. If you choose the latter, the next step will be cutting the branches off the main stem one by one. Next, cut the large leaves of the branches, especially those that appear to be infested by pests, and throw them in the bin. Place the branches in clean plastic trays for the next step.

Step 2: Divide Branches into Buds

Take each branch and divide it into smaller twigs or separate buds for easier handling. Consider the relative humidity in your working area to prevent drying out. The buds can be very small or large.

Step 3: Dry the Buds in a Dark & Well-Ventilated Place

Lay the buds on a clean surface, if possible, on a clean drying rack to dry. The drying room should be dark, and an exhaust fan should be running. You should rotate the buds often so that they hold their shape. The drying process should take between 10 and 14 days.

Step 4: Trim the Buds

Trimming is a labor and time-intensive activity. It entails removing any extraneous matter from the weed flowers. Trimming removes excess sugar leaves because they have lower trichome concentration. These sugar leaves are also removed because they make weed harder to smoke. You can trim the sugar leaves with or without trichomes, and this process can be done before or after drying. If it is done before drying, it is called wet trimming, and if it is done after drying, then it is called dry trimming.

To trim the buds, you should hold the stem and gently cut off the sugar leaves and stems around them. You should do this over a screen to make it easier to collect trichomes that fall off in the process. Handle each bud with extreme care because all contact with the buds can cause damage to the trichomes. Always hold the plants and branches by the stem and not any other part.

Trimming Before or After Drying?

You may choose to trim the leaves from buds before or after drying. However, there are recommendations on the same. If you reside in a humid environment, it is best to trim them before drying. If you live in a low-humidity area, it is advisable to trim them after drying. Remember that leaves in humid areas are more susceptible to mold attack. You should also know that leaves are generally easier to cut immediately after harvesting, and the trichomes are less likely to come off accidentally.

Step 5: Curing

The next step involves putting the dried and trimmed buds in sealed jars for the curing process to start. If you wish, you can weigh the yield before curing. Curing the weed ends the degeneration process, thus preserving the volatile compounds and cannabinoids. If weed is not cured properly, cannabinoid synthesis continues, which may lead to the release of unfavorable compounds. Improperly cured weed is harsher and flavorless.

What exactly is curing? In simple terms, curing is a continuation of the drying process; only it is done slowly and in a controlled environment. Usually, curing weed takes up to 60 days. It should be done at a humidity level of 62-68%. After putting the trimmed buds in airtight containers, store them in a dark and temperate place. You should burp the jars at least two times a day during the first fortnight. Leave the lids open for at least one hour. Burping means leaving the lids open for some time before sealing the jars again. It is done to allow air exchange and release moisture. Afterward, you can burp the jars once a week, and shorter burp times are okay.

Tips for Successful Weed Harvesting

The steps you take when harvesting weed contribute to its flavor, strength, and smooth feeling. Here are tips to help you when harvesting.

• Ensure you flush your weed plants with water only for about 7 days before harvesting
• Check the trichomes on the plants before harvesting to ascertain the plants are ready for harvesting
• Invest in high-quality and sharp scissors
• Always harvest your weed plants early in the morning
• When harvesting, keep the larger branches that form a Y or V shape intact. This will make it easier to hang them for drying.
• If you have grown different strains of weed, harvest them at different times to avoid mixing them up

Summary

Harvesting weed is an exciting activity for most people. Unlike your regular garden crops, weed harvesting requires caution, time, patience, and a bit of human labor. If you follow the steps on harvesting a weed plant as described above, you will get high-quality and smooth weed for your needs or sale.

Citations

1. https://growithjane.com/how-to-harvest-a-cannabis-plant/#flushing
2. https://www.leafly.com/learn/growing/harvesting-marijuana
3. https://homesteadandchill.com/how-to-harvest-cure-store-cannabis/
4. https://www.growweedeasy.com/harvest
5. https://growithjane.com/how-to-harvest-a-cannabis-plant/#how-to-harvest-cannabis

States That Allow Home Growing

Growing marijuana is the dream for some people. For others, this dream has come true because many states allow growing these plants at home. In states where it is permitted, strict regulations dictate the number of plants that you can grow. Below are the states that allow growing cannabis at home [1].

Alaska

In Alaska, cultivating weed at home is permitted for persons above 21 years. Each person is allowed to grow a maximum of 6 plants. The maximum number of weed plants a household can have is 12 with 2 or more adults. If you exceed the plant limit, you are charged a heavy fine. Having over 25 cannabis plants is considered a felony with a 5-year jail term and a $1,000 fine.

Arizona

The laws of Arizona allow residents and citizens to grow weed at home. The person cultivating it must be an adult aged at least 21 years old, and the limit is 6 plants. Households with at least 2 adults can grow a maximum of 12 cannabis plants. If you grow marijuana in this state, you must select an appropriate growing area [3] out of reach of minors. The growing space should be enclosed and secured.

California

In California, growing weed at home is legal for adults aged 21 years and above. They can only grow a maximum of 6 plants for personal use. The plants must be grown in a place that is secured and not easy to see.

Colorado

Like California, only adults can grow weed at home, and the maximum number of plants [4] allowed is 6. But after growing weed at home, you cannot sell it to other people.

Illinois

Illinois allows home cultivation of weed for medical purposes only, and a household can have a maximum of 5 plants. A license is required for home cultivation.

Maine

In Maine, adults can grow a maximum of 3 mature weed plants at a given time in their homes. They can have up to 12 immature plants and unlimited seedlings.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts allows adults to grow 6 or fewer marijuana plants at home.

Michigan

In Michigan, households can cultivate weed at home, but the number of plants at any given time should not exceed 12.

Nevada

Adults aged 21 and above can grow weed in their homes in Nevada, but the number of plants must not go beyond 12 per household.

Oregon

In Oregon, adults who are at least 21 years old can grow weed in their homes but must not have more than 4 plants in a household.

Vermont

Vermont allows each household to grow a maximum of 2 mature weed plants and 4 immature ones at a time.

District of Columbia

In the District of Columbia, each household can grow up to 3 mature weed plants and 3 immature ones at a time.

Medical cannabis approved but no home growing allowed

Some states allow the use of cannabis for medical reasons, but growing the plants at home is prohibited.

Alabama

It is illegal to grow weed at home in Alabama, regardless of age. However, people are allowed to use non-psychoactive CBD oil strictly for medical reasons. If one is caught in possession or growing weed for the first time, it may be considered a misdemeanor. But if caught in possession of weed or intent to sell it again, then they are charged with a felony.

Arkansas

In Arkansas, citizens and residents are not allowed to grow weed in their homes. However, weed can be grown for medical uses only, but not in regular households. After being planted and harvested, marijuana is used strictly for medicinal purposes. Marijuana use for medical reasons was legalized on the 8th of November, 2016. If you are caught in possession of weed under 3 ounces, it is considered a misdemeanor in Eureka Springs and Faterreville cities.

Connecticut

The state of Connecticut also allows weed for medical reasons only. However, the residents cannot grow it in their homes. Growing weed is classified as a felony.

Delaware

In Delaware, medical marijuana is allowed. However, the marijuana grown in the state is not done in homes. Instead, it is cultivated by licensed and authorized persons who harvest it to be used for medical reasons. On the 10th of February, 2012, medical marijuana was suspended by Governor Markell. However, on the 31st of August 2016, he signed House Bill 400 that expanded medical cannabis programs, particularly for persons with terminal health conditions.

Florida

In Florida, marijuana can be used for medical reasons, but it cannot be grown at the household level. The weed-grown in this state is for medical use only. Medical weed in Florida was legalized on the 1st of July, 2017. This was after 71% of voters passed Amendment 2.

Georgia

In Georgia, people can use CBD oil with a concentration of less than 5% THC. Low THC CBD oil use was legalized on the 16th of April 2015 but it is illegal to cultivate the plants in households.

Hawaii

Medical weed was legalized on the 15th of June, 2000, by Governor Benjamin Cayetano in Hawaii. In July 2015, Governor David Ige allowed the presence of medical marijuana dispensaries. One year later, he also signed a bill that expanded medical weed programs. But growing weed at home is still prohibited in Hawaii.

Indiana

In Indiana, patients can use CBD oil with a concentration of less than 0.3% THC. It is illegal to grow weed, and that has been the case since 1913.

Iowa

In 2014, CBD oil became legal for use by patients in Iowa. However, it must not exceed a THC concentration of 3%. Cultivating weed plants is a felony.

Kansas

In 1927, weed was prohibited in Kansas. In 2018, CBD oil was exempted from the definition of a weed. Today, CBD oil is legal in Kansas as long as it has a 0.00% THC concentration. Home cultivation remains illegal.

Louisiana

In 1924, Louisiana prohibited the use of weed but in 2015, medical weed was legalized. Under House Bill 819 of 2020, Governor John Bel Edwards expanded access to weed by allowing doctors to prescribe it for any condition they consider debilitating.

Maryland

HB 881 legalized the use of medical cannabis in Maryland, but the residents cannot grow it at home at all.

North Carolina

The use of CBD oil was legalized in 2015 in North Carolina but it is illegal to grow weed at home.

South Carolina

In 2014, Governor Nikki Haley signed Julian’s Law following Senate Bill 1035. The law allowed children with severe epilepsy to use CBD oil, but only if prescribed by a doctor. Medical marijuana, specifically Cannabis oil with less than 0.9% THC, is legal, but cultivating it at home is prohibited.

Texas

It is illegal to grow weed at home in Texas. However, patients are permitted to use CBD oil. The oil should have a maximum of 0.5% THC and no less than 10% CBD. Governor Greg Abbot legalized the use of CBD oil for intractable epilepsy on the 1st of June, 2015. In 2019, the provision for medical conditions was expanded. Today, CBD oil can be used to manage ALS, Parkinson’s disease, spasticity, autism, terminal cancer, and multiple sclerosis.

Utah

It is illegal to cultivate cannabis at home in Utah. In 2014, low-THC cannabis oil was permitted for use in epileptic patients. In March 2018, the laws changed, and cannabis was legalized for use by persons with specific terminal conditions.

Virginia

In Virginia, CBD oil with less than 5% THC is legal, but the residents cannot grow weed plants at home.

West Virginia

Under the Compassionate Use Act for Medical Cannabis, protection was granted for people to use marijuana for medical reasons. No one is allowed to grow weed at home in West Virginia.

Wyoming

CBD oil use for medical reasons is legal in Wyoming, but home cultivation is prohibited.

No medical, No recreation, No home growing allowed

There is only one state in America where weed is not permitted for recreational or medical or home growing.

Nebraska

In Nebraska, it is illegal to use weed for medical reasons as well as to grow at home. It is also illegal to use weed for recreational purposes. But if you are caught using weed for the first use, then it is decriminalized and you get a $300 fine and mandatory drug education. The second time attracts a fine of $500 and a jail term lasting up to 5 days, while the third attracts a fine of the same amount and a jail term of up to one week.

State Home Growing Rules For Recreational And Medical Cannabis

State rules for home growing of weed vary from one state to another. The basic rules cover the following areas:

Number of Plants Allowed

The states that allow weed growth at home have a limit in the number of mature plants allowed. Usually, the maximum number of weed plants a household can have is 6 for one adult. If there are at least 2 adults in the household, the permitted number can be doubled, that is, 12 plants. Some states allow a maximum of 3 mature cannabis plants at a time.

Age

All states that allow growing weed at home permit it only for adults of 21 years of age. This age is considered mature enough to handle weed responsibly.

Severity of Punishment

Over the years, some states have decriminalized the use of weed for medical or recreational purposes. In some states, breaking the state rules on weed attracts a fine, while others consider it a felony. Due to these differences, every weed grower or user must familiarize themselves with their state laws on weed use and growth and adhere to them.

Summary

Growing weed can be done in some American states but not in others. Different states have varying rules surrounding the possession, recreational use, medical use, and home growing of weed. It is crucial to check your state laws before you use weed for pleasure or medical reasons. You must also confirm if you can grow weed plants at home before you decide to grow them. We hope this article has sensitized you about the states where it is legal to grow weed.

Citations

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction
2. https://norml.org/laws/alaska-penalties/
3. https://schilllawgroup.com/legally-grow-marijuana-arizona/
4. https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/marijuana/home-grow-laws

Disclosure

This information may not be up to date. The status of ever-changing individual state laws makes it difficult to keep current. Please check your state’s laws on any legal matters.

Benefits of growing weed indoors

Like growing any other plant, growing marijuana indoors requires care and love. Weed plants need sufficient amounts of water, light, and nutrients. There are several advantages of growing weed indoors [1] compared to outdoor growing.

High-Quality Marijuana

Growing weed indoors is more labor and resource-intensive than growing it outdoors. However, you get the opportunity to control the growing environment and what you feed your plants with. As a result, you will get better-quality weed that is not contaminated by external factors.

Multiple Harvests

Outdoor weed cultivation is guided and determined by the seasons and the sun. On the flip side, indoor gardening means that you control the factors and grow weed regardless of the season. You can let your weed plants grow as big as you wish. You also have the option of flipping them into flowers, harvesting, and growing another batch immediately. Winter is not an excuse for not growing marijuana indoors.

Adaptability

Growing weed indoors is not limited to people with big houses and backyards. You can grow the plant anywhere, including in apartment blocks or units. The plant does not need plenty of space to grow. In fact, you can grow it in a pot.

Safety from Pests, Bugs, and Animals

Unlike growing weed outdoors, indoor cultivation allows you control over the growing environment. It keeps away animals that may feast on your marijuana plants. Although weed grown indoors can be attacked by pests, bugs, and diseases, the risk is significantly reduced because the environment is controlled. You should have a basic understanding of pest and insect control before growing marijuana indoors.

Security and Privacy

Although it is legal to grow weed at home in some states, you may have nosy and judgmental neighbors. Therefore, you may want to grow weed in private. Privacy will also keep your plants out of thieves’ reach.

Chance to Grow a Specific Chain

One of the biggest challenges facing regular weed users is getting different strains with each purchase. When you grow your own weed indoors, you get the chance to use the strain of weed you love best. If you prefer to use assorted varieties, then you can grow them too.

Designate a cannabis grow room or space

Now that you understand the benefits of growing weed indoors, the first step you should take is deciding the particular area in which you will grow your marijuana plants. The grow room or area should be suitable, and it should be out of reach for pets and children. The space you choose does not necessarily have to be a large room. It can be any place in your home, including a corner in your basement, cabinet, tent, spare room, or even a closet. You can adjust the space as needed to grow your weed.

As you decide on the grow space or room, you should remember to start small and expand your indoor weed garden over time. You will want to start with a small space because it will be cheaper to set up and easier to monitor how your plants are growing. Bear in mind that growing weed indoors does not always guarantee success. Like any other project, you will experience challenges. Pests and diseases, for instance, may attack your plants and cause their decline. Although we recommend that you start small, do not give up your dream of growing more weed plants. You can add more after some time.

The space you choose is not merely a growing area. You should ensure you have adequate space for the number of plants you desire to grow. Consider the amount of natural or artificial light needed, fans, and ducting. Marijuana plants double in size as they start to flower, so you must ensure you have adequate room for each plant, especially the headspace. Let us explore the important considerations to make when choosing the grow room [2] or space.

Cleanliness

The space you choose should be clean and easy to sanitize. All surfaces should be easy to clean. You want to grow your cannabis in a clean and safe environment as this will reduce the likelihood of pest and bug infestation.

Light

Your grow room should be light-tight. If light leaks in during the dark periods, your plants will get confused and produce male flowers. You do not want male flowers!

Convenience

Weed plants need careful monitoring. You should check on them at least once a day, especially if you are a beginner. A growing area that is hard to access will make this difficult.

Temperature and Humidity

If the space you choose is too warm or humid, you will experience trouble regulating the growing environment. Instead, choose a space that is cool, dry, and with access to fresh air.

Stealth

Choose a grow area that hides your plants from nosy neighbors or thieves. Since you will be using fans, ensure the location will not attract attention, especially when the fans are running.

Size

Marijuana plants tend to grow tall. You will need a grow tent at least six and a half feet tall. If the space you choose does not have a ceiling that high, you should get another location. Shorter areas are not ideal.

Exchange of Fresh Air

Indoor weed growing areas are heavily dependent on the exchange of clean and fresh air. Marijuana plants need plenty of carbon dioxide levels. Without a regular air exchange, the plants will run out of carbon dioxide, which will cause their decline or stunting. You can ensure the exchange of fresh air by using an extraction fan.

Pick your cannabis grow lights

The amount and quality of light in the grow room or space you choose will influence your weed quality and quantity. It is always recommended that you invest in the best lighting you possibly can. There are different lighting options [3] to choose from.

HID Grow Lights

HID is an acronym for High-Intensity Discharge, and these grow lights are the most commonly used. They have a good output and are efficient and affordable. HID lights typically cost more than incandescent or fluorescent lights, but they release better quality light. However, they are not as efficient as LED lights are.

To set up HID lights, you need ballast and reflectors or hoods for each light. There are two main categories of HID lights.

Metal Halide Lights

These HID lights produce a bluish-white light and are best used using vegetative growth.

High-Pressure Sodium Lights

They produce a red-orange light and are best used during the flowering stage.
If you cannot afford both metal halide and high-pressure sodium bulbs at the same time, invest in the high-pressure sodium ones because they yield more light per watt.

Fluorescent Grow Lights

Fluorescent grow lights are commonly used by small-scale weed growers. Many people prefer them because they are cheaper to set up. A package comes with a reflector, bulb, and ballast, which reduce the installation costs. Besides, these lights do not need a cooling system because they do not generate as much heat as the High-Intensity Discharge lights do. On the flip side, these lights are less efficient, so you need many of them to get the output needed. It is not always possible to install many of them, especially if the space is limited.

LED Grow Lights

LED stands for Light-Emitting Diode, which is a technology that has been used for a long time now. Recently, this technology was adapted to bulbs for indoor growing. LED lights are very efficient, and they last long, but they are expensive to install. They also use less electricity, generate a fuller light spectrum, and generate minimal heat. If you decide to install LED lights, you should be very careful because there are many counterfeits in the market. You should learn more about the best LED grow lights before clicking the order button or dishing out cash.

Induction Grow Lights

Induction Grow Lights are also known as Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamps. These lights last longer and are more efficient than fluorescent bulbs. However, they are not readily available and are pricey.

Give your cannabis plants air

Marijuana plants need plenty of fresh air to thrive. They need plenty of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, so you have to ensure a steady flow of air in your grow room all day long. You can do this using an exhaust fan that should be placed near the top of the room. The fan will remove warm air. The room should also have a filtered air inlet close to the floor of the room on the opposite side of the fan. Your fan’s size should depend on the size of the grow room and the type and number of grow lights installed. HID lights, for example, generate more heat than LED lights, so the fan should be larger for effective cooling.

The goal should be to maintain temperatures between 70-85°F when the lights are on and between 58-70°F when they are off. It is crucial to know the characteristics of the cannabis variety you wish to grow. Some varieties prefer the colder side of the ranges given above for optimal growth. The best thing to do is ensure the grow space or room has a constant light breeze. The breeze will strengthen your plant systems and discourage mold and flying insects, and pests from attacking your space. Never put the fan directly on your weed plants, as it will cause windburn.

If using a fan and grow lights is not feasible for you, you can build a sealed environment. You create this artificial environment using a dehumidifier, air conditioner, and a supplemental carbon dioxide system. Doing this will cost you more and is not recommended for first-time weed growers.

Pick your climate controls and monitors

As you select your grow lights, fans, and other control equipment, ensure you pick those with automated functions. You do not want to spend the entire day trying to adjust the indoor climate manually. Not only will this be exhausting, but you will also forget to adjust some settings and ultimately cause the decline of your plants. Automated climate controls can be quite pricey, but there are cheaper alternatives if you do not want to dent your pockets.

Beginners need a 24-hour timer for the lights and an adjustable thermostat switch for the exhaust fan. The amount of light you give your weed plants is crucial. They require about 18 hours of light each day in the vegetative phase and 12 hours a day in the flowering stage. You should switch the lights on or off at specific times of the day to avoid stressing the plants.

Decide on a cannabis grow medium

Growing cannabis indoors gives you a wider array of growth mediums compared to outdoor growing. Each medium has its pros and cons. Although there are many options, the main types of media are soil and hydroponics.

Soil

We all know that soil is the traditional medium for growing plants, both indoors and outdoors. Most people grow their first marijuana plants in soil because it is easier and more forgiving to use. You can choose any high-quality potting soil you prefer. However, it should not have artificial slow-release fertilizers as they are not suitable for growing weed. You should always check the label keenly.

If potting soil is not your thing, you can use organic pre-fertilized soil, also called super soil. If you use this option, you will not need to add other nutrients because it is specifically created to support cannabis growth to maturity. You can make your own super soil by combining good quality soil with worm castings, bat guano, and other organic components. Remember that for your plants to thrive, the soil should have a healthy population of soil bacteria and other organisms to convert the organic matter into nutrients. The third soil option is using a regular soil mix. This may not have all the essential nutrients, so you should supplement your weed plants with liquid nutrient solutions.

Hydroponics

In recent times, more people are embracing hydroponics or soilless growing medium for their indoor plants, including marijuana. In a hydroponic system, you feed the plants with concentrated solutions containing mineral salts. These minerals are absorbed directly by the plant via osmosis. Since there is faster nutrient absorption, the marijuana crops grow faster and have better yields. However, this is not guaranteed as it is dependent on precision when it comes to the solutions. Your plants will react very quickly to under or over-feeding that can cause their decline.

In hydroponic systems, different materials can be used to support the plants. These include perlite, clay pebbles, vermiculite, Rockwool, coco coir, and others. Sometimes, these materials are combined for functional reasons and aesthetics. Hydroponic systems cost more than soil mixes, so it is important to do some research and invest in the best hydroponic weed systems.

Pick a container

The type, shape, and size of the container you choose for your weed plant will depend on the system, growing medium, and size of the plant. If you are using a tray-style or flood and drain hydroponic system, small nets filled with clay pebbles are appropriate. If you are using soil and the plants are large, you may require a few 10-gallon nursery pots. The containers you choose should have good drainage because cannabis roots are susceptible to rot from water-logging. All containers should have drainage slots or holes at the bottom.

If you love recycling and reusing containers in your house, you can use plastic bags or cloth bags to grow your weed. The containers you choose should enhance airflow. They should also have good drainage.

Cannabis plants nutrients

The human body requires nutrients from food to thrive, right? As do marijuana plants. If you want high-quality marijuana, you must provide the necessary nutrients, usually in higher amounts than other common crops. The primary nutrients that cannabis plants need are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Others that are needed in smaller amounts are copper, iron, magnesium, and calcium. For beginners, it is advisable to use a pre-fertilized organic soil mix. If you are not using this, you should feed the plants at least once a week using a suitable nutrient solution.

Nutrient solutions for weed are sold in the form of concentrated powders or liquids. They are normally designed for the flowering or vegetative stages of growth because the nutrient demands change depending on the stage of growth. They require more potassium and phosphorus in the budding stage and more nitrogen during the vegetative growth stage. After purchasing the nutrient solutions for weed, ensure you strictly follow the instructions on the packing. Always start with half-strength because these plants are susceptible to burning, and overfeeding them will cause more damage than underfeeding. Besides the nutrients, the plants need a neutral pH of between six and seven in soil and between 5.5 and 6.5 in hydroponic media. Test the pH of your soil before planting marijuana.

Cannabis plants hydration

Do you need special water for your weed plants? Well, watering your weed plants is not different from watering other indoor plants. The same clean water you drink in your household is the same you should use to water your weed plants. The most important thing to remember is not to overwater. If you give your marijuana plants too much water, they will have fungal root rot, which will cause their decline. The frequency of watering your plants should be based on the growing medium used, ambient temperature, and plants’ size.

Although the water you drink in your house is generally safe for watering your weed plants, it is important to have a basic understanding of the kind of water you have in your taps. In some areas, the water contains high amounts of dissolved minerals. These can buildup in the root area of your plants and inhibit nutrient absorption from the growing medium. The water could also contain pathogens that can cause root disease. If you know or suspect the water in your area has high amounts of dissolved minerals, you should filter it before watering your weed plants.

Summary

Learning how to grow marijuana indoors is the dream of some frequent weed users. Before growing it indoors, confirm that your state laws are on the same page. If you are allowed to do it, follow the above steps and tips for successfully growing your own weed. As you grow your plants, remember that they will be a labor of love, so ensure you give them the attention they need to thrive and enjoy the process.

Citations

1. https://www.cannalist.eu/10-reasons-growing-marijuana-indoors-is-better-than-outdoors/#
2. https://keytocannabis.com/how-to-grow-amazing-marijuana-at-home/
3. https://www.leafly.com/news/growing/cannabis-growing-101-everything-you-need-to-get-started

Soil structure

Most people pay attention to soil texture and forget that soil structure [1] is equally important. Soil structure is how the particles group together into peds or aggregates. Peds are bound together by chemical, physical, or biological processes. This means that you can have two different samples of loam soil, but they behave differently because of the variance in structure. Freezing and thawing, for example, affect soil structure. Cultivation, compaction, excessive use of sodium, screening, cutting down vegetation, and excessive soil handling cause adverse effects on soil structure.

Usually, soil structure is classified by the shape, size, and strength of cohesion or grade of the peds. These factors determine pore size, airflow, and ease of root penetration. The main classifications of soil structure are:

Granular

This structure is very common, especially in the surface layers of soil. Soils with adequate organic matter normally have this structure. This structure is highly permeable.

Columnar

The columnar structure is commonly seen in soils with excess amounts of sodium. The sodium destroys the structure and makes the soil too compact for water and airflow. The soil tends to look like a cluster of columns.

Platy

This structure is common in compacted soil. It has very little pore space, so its permeability is very low.

Simple Test to Determine Soil Structure

You can use this simple home test [2] to determine the structure of your soil.

• Ensure your soil is not too wet or too dry. Dig a 6 to 10-inch deep hole.
• Separate an intact section of the soil, the size of a beer can, and break it using your fingers.
• As you break the soil, choose whether it feels granular, powdery, or cloddy. The soil should be made of crumbs of different sizes. The crumbs should hold shape if you slightly press them. Aggregates or peds that require a lot of pressure to break mean that your soil is too hard.

Fertile soil containing adequate amounts of organic matter tends to form round aggregates. As a result, it has high porosity that allows for free movement of oxygen and water.

Compaction

Compaction happens when coil particles are pressed together. This reduces the space between pores. Usually, heavily compacted soil has a few large pores and is very dense. As a result, compacted soil has poor drainage and poor infiltration rate. The rate of gas exchange is also slow. Compaction increases soil strength, so it is harder for roots to penetrate this kind of soil. It is very easy to compact wet soil. If you use heavy equipment or tillage tools, especially when the soil is wet, you can destroy soil structure and increase compaction.

In a nutshell, soil compaction affects soil strength, pore space size, and pore distribution. You should conduct a soil compaction test because compacted soil reduces water availability and inhibits the growth of roots. It also stops earthworms and other important soil fauna from moving freely.

Soil Compaction Home Test

To conduct this test, take a piece of wire and plunge it vertically into the soil. Mark the point at which the wire bends. The wire will bend sooner for compacted soils than it will for less compacted soil. Ideally, you should get a foot of soil that is easy to penetrate. Repeat this simple test at different locations of your garden.

Workability

Soil workability means the desirability condition of the soil during tillage. Workable soil is that which can be tilled without structural damage. Workability is not entirely dependent on the soil itself. It is also affected by the tillage systems and the soil texture, bulk density, and water content. Workable soil allows water to reach the roots for proper plant growth. It is also less likely to be compacted.

Testing for Soil Workability at Home

Testing for soil workability should be done often because it is very easy. It should be done before planting. As you dig or till your land or garden and the soil produces plate-like clumps, it has poor workability. Most farmers measure workability by monitoring the amount of tractor fuel used to till the land.

Soil organisms

Soil organisms are a crucial part of global biodiversity. Their normal processes are important for soil health and fertility. There are numerous soil organisms, including macrofauna, megafauna, microfauna, mesofauna, and microflora. Human beings forget these organisms and their importance because they are normally hidden in the soil. A high population of bacteria, invertebrates, insects, and fungi in soil indicates its health. They keep the soil healthy by breaking down plant residue to release nutrients for other plants to grow.

Testing for Soil Organisms at Home

You can test for the presence of soil organisms by digging into the sand at least six inches deep. After doing this, observe the hole keenly for about four minutes. Note the different organisms you see and how many of each. You should have a notebook or recording material to note the soil beetles, centipedes, spiders, and others. You should remember that most soil organisms shy from light, so you should gently probe the soil to see more of them. Ideally, you should count at least 10 organisms. If you find less, your soil may not be very healthy.

Earthworms

Do you know the importance of earthworms in the soil? These organisms aerate the soil and infuse it with organic matter, bacteria, enzymes, and nutrients. They also enhance water infiltration and create a more stable soil structure.

Testing for Soil Earthworms at Home

Before conducting this test, ensure the soil is neither too dry nor too wet. You should also observe keenly to spot earthworm burrows and castings. Follow these simple steps to test for soil earthworms at home.

• Dig out about six inches of soil.
• Keenly observe the soil on the shovel and count the number of earthworms you see squirming around.
• If you see three worms, the soil is good. If you see at least five, the soil is healthy and fertile. If you observe no earthworms, think of it as a sign that your soil lacks enough organic matter for the earthworms to feed on.

It is important to note that earthworms hate hot soil, so you may not find them in very hot areas.

Plant residue

Organic matter in the soil is fundamental. Organic materials and plants in your garden or farm can only decompose if microorganisms are present to break them down. If you notice signs of decomposition, you should be happy because it is a sign of soil fertility. Fast decomposition indicates good quality soil. If the decomposition is extremely slow, your soil may be poorly aerated. You should always check for plant residue a month after turning it into the soil.

If you had previously grown cover crops, chop them a month before the planting season. Dig up the garden or land a month after cutting down the cover crop about six inches deep to turn the plant residues into the soil. Observe the plant matter. If you notice plant fibers that you can recognize and dark-colored humus, the rate of decomposition is ideal.

Plant Vigor

This test should be conducted during the active planting and growing season. Plant vigor is a sign of good soil tilth and structure. It also indicates the soil has a diverse population and a well-regulated supply of water. Simply put, soil vigor refers to the ability of the seeds you sow to germinate into healthy seedlings very quickly in less than ideal situations. When checking for plant vigor, observe the plant color and size. The color and size should be relatively uniform. The overall growth of the seedlings should appear normal.

Root Development

The growth and development of roots are crucial for overall plant health. How the roots grow is an indicator of soil quality. Roots need water, air, biological activity, and crumbly soil to do their job. If the roots fail to grow well, plants will not thrive, and their production will be very low.

Testing for Root Development at Home

To do this test, you need a hand trowel or shovel. It is also important to have other gardening supplies at hand should you need them. Follow these simple steps:

• Gently dig around one plant using the shovel or hand trowel.
• Dig until you reach the root depth, then pull the plant up.
• Check the size of the root, and look for white strands with a whitish healthy appearance. If the roots are brown and mushy, the soil has grave drainage problems. If they appear stranded, your plants may be infected by root-gnawing pests or disease.

Water infiltration

Good infiltration ensures the plant roots get water as needed. Soil with good infiltration allows for good airflow and prevents soil erosion and runoff.

Testing for Water Infiltration

Follow these steps to test your soil’s water infiltration rate:

• • Remove the bottom of an empty metallic can.
  • Push the can into the soil until you have about three inches of the can above the surface.
  • Fill the empty can space with water and mark the water height

.

• Observe how long it takes for the soil to absorb the water.
• Repeat the above steps severally until the water absorption rate slows down and the time of absorption becomes consistent. If the soil absorbs the water at a rate of below half to one inch per hour, your soil is compacted.

How to use a soil test kit

Soil testing should be a routine activity in your garden or farm. Regular soil testing alerts you about poor soil health and saves you from making losses after planting. In addition to the tests discussed above, you should buy a soil test kit. Kits are available online or in gardening centers. They are simple and fast to use, and they help you understand your soil’s chemical composition. For a healthy garden or farm, your soil needs specific nutrients that promote growth and production. The results obtained from a soil test kit help you know the amount of the essential nutrients and the types of fertilizers to use for healthier soil. Some of the essential nutrients measured by soil test kits are:

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is the primary component of chlorophyll that plants use for photosynthesis, that is, the transformation of sunlight into energy. It also supports amino acids which are the building blocks of plants.

Phosphorous

Phosphorus is vital for photosynthesis, cell growth, and energy storage. Without adequate amounts of phosphorus, plants do not mature properly.

Potassium

This mineral regulates the movement of nutrients and water in plant tissues. It is also required for normal plant growth, and it regulates photosynthesis.

Soil pH

Soil test kits measure the alkalinity or acidity of the soil. Most plants thrive in soil with a neutral pH, between 6.5 and 7. There are exceptions that grow best in alkaline or acidic soils.

Types of Soil Test Kits

There are different types of soil test kits in the contemporary market. All of them are easy to use. These kits offer basic pH in-depth information about soil health. Below are the main classifications of soil test kits that you can find in present-day America.

Test Tube Chemical Kits

These kits allow you to conduct multiple tests. To use them, you simply add a soil sample, water, and powdered chemicals. You get color-coded results. It is important to note that some require you to prepare the solution 24 to 30 hours in advance.

Mail-In Kits

If you use this type of soil kit, you will be required to get soil samples, label them properly and send them to a lab. This option can be pricey, especially if you want to test several samples. The results of mail-in kits are usually more comprehensive than those from do-it-yourself soil kits.

Professional Chemical Kits

These kits can only be used by people with a basic understanding of soil science. The kits offer detailed and specific results. Usually, these tests are conducted by experts.

Digital Meters

Digital meters are very simple to use. All you have to do is stick the meter into the ground. The main limitation is that these sticks can only measure soil pH and water.

Summary

Testing your garden soil should be done periodically. The test results will help you remain aware of the health status of your soil. This information will guide you in choosing the fertilizers to use in your garden for healthy and productive plants. There are different home tests that you can do to determine the state of your soil. If they are inadequate, you can purchase home soil test kits or hire experts to conduct a thorough soil analysis.

Citations

1. https://www.deeproot.com/blog/blog-entries/what-is-soil-structure-and-why-is-it-important
2. https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/gardening/a20705682/soil-testing/

Add compost and organic diet

Adding compost [1] to the soil is one of the most commonly used methods of remedying the soil. Compost improves the soil structure, increases the population of soil organisms, and increases the organic materials the organisms feed on. It is also a buffer pH, and it helps to conserve moisture in the soil. It is important not to add excessive amounts of compost to the soil as it could cause problems, especially with specific plant varieties. For this reason, it is crucial to know the correct soil to compost ratio to reap the benefits of adding compost to your soil.

Before adding compost to the soil, you should ensure it is well-rotted and should not contain weed seeds. In recent times, some experts have been recommending spreading compost on top of the soil instead of digging the soil up to mix it. The baseline of this argument is that digging up the soil disturbs mycorrhizal fungi that help plants get nutrients from deep soil. If the soil in your garden has a good texture, spreading the compost is best. After all, worms, rain, and other natural activities will wash the compost inside the soil for the plant roots to absorb them. As you spread out the compost in the garden, ensure it is not more than 3 inches high. The general recommendation is to use one part compost for one part topsoil and one part each of perlite and peat in your garden.

Besides adding compost, you can greatly improve your garden soil by adding an organic diet [2]. Like the human body, the soil needs water, food, air, and shelter to offer the best plant growth environment. An organic diet for your garden means adding organic materials such as fallen leaves, kitchen scraps, and garden debris to the soil. You can do this by chopping the organic matter on the soil, mixing it up with about 2 inches of the topsoil, and mulching afterward. An organic diet will break down over time and improve the quality of your soil.

Till with worms

Did you know there is an alternative way of tilling your garden besides double digging? You can use the sheet mulching technique that invites worms to do all the hard work for you. In sheet mulching, the gardener builds compost on the soil surface. 2 to 4-inch layers of brown and green compost work well.

Compost is high in food for worms, so these important organisms multiply in the garden. The worms then burrow through the soil to feed and transport food. This burrowing process improves the soil structure and also improves the soil nutrient levels with their droppings.

Sheet mulching and tilling with worms takes time, so you must plan in advance. The process should start several months before the next planting season. When you use the sheet mulching and worm tilling technique, you build new garden soil rich in nutrients for optimal plant growth.

Grow your own soil

The soil in your garden is the foundation of your garden, so you should ensure you have the best quality soil. Did you know that you can grow your own soil [3]? You can do this by building organic matter because this is the richest portion of the soil. Organic matter is sticky, so it holds nutrients and absorbs water for the plants to thrive. Building your own soil is a very slow process that you should be intentional about. Science states that it takes at least 100 years to build one centimeter of soil, so you should not be in a rush to grow your own soil.

Growing your own soil requires a basic understanding of the soil food web. The web consists of numerous organisms. In fact, a teaspoon of soil contains 100 million to 1 billion bacteria. Soil also contains other organisms such as nematodes, protozoa, insects, worms, slugs, and more. Although most of us do not see the positive benefits of these living things because we think they are scary or gross, they are crucial for soil growth. They build organic matter and without them, growing your own soil is impossible.

Some of the practices you can engage in to grow your soil include adding animal manure to the soil, cover-cropping, mulching, reducing tillage, and vermicomposting.

In the off-season, you can plant cover crops such as buckwheat and clovers. These plants improve and grow soil by adding organic matter, losing the soil structure, and enriching the soil with nutrients. They also shelter your garden soil and control weeds. You should chop down these cover crops a few weeks before the growing season.

Test your soil

Soil testing [4] is a must-do for any serious gardener. It is imperative to conduct a soil test if you are about to start a new garden or whenever you notice a decline in your garden health. Soil testing allows you to learn more about your soil. You learn the corrective steps to rebuild damaged soil and the plants to grow in your garden. Also, you should have a basic understanding of your soil’s drainage, mineral density, composition, texture, and acidity. This information will save you from losses that occur when plant health declines due to poor quality soil. There are simple tests you can conduct at home to determine your soil’s health, and these are explored below.

The Squeeze Test

The squeeze test gives you information about soil composition. Soil is mainly classified into three types: sandy, clay, and loam soils. Clay is slow draining, very compact, and nutrient-rich, while sandy soil drains very fast and barely holds nutrients and moisture. Loam is the ideal soil because it does not stay soggy, and it can hold nutrients. To conduct this simple home test, follow these steps:

• Moisten some soil from your garden, making sure it is not wet. Take a handful and firmly squeeze it.
• Open your hand and observe it. If it holds shape and crumbles when you poke it, you have good-quality soil. If it holds shape but does not crumble when poked, your garden has clay soil. If it falls apart the minute you open your hand, you have sandy soil that is not ideal for gardening.

Knowing whether you have clay, sandy, or loam soil will guide you on ways to improve it.

The Percolation Test

The percolation test helps you understand how your soil drains. To conduct this test:

• Dig a hole that measures about one foot deep and 6 inches wide
• Fill the hole with water and let it drain completely, preferably overnight
• Fill the hole again with water and observe how long the water takes to drain
• If it takes over 4 hours to drain, your soil has a drainage problem

This test is important because most roots get root rot if the soil has poor drainage.

The Worm Test

Did you know that worms indicate how healthy your soil is? The presence of worms indicates biological activity. If your soil has earthworms, it likely contains beneficial bacteria and microbes important for healthy plants. To conduct the worm test:

• Ensure your soil is moist but not wet and is warm enough. A warmth of 55 degrees Fahrenheit is recommended.
• Dig a hole in the garden. It should measure about 1 foot deep and 1 foot wide
• Place the soil on a piece of cardboard
• Using your hands, sift through the soil, making sure you place it back into the hole. Count the earthworms as you do this.
• If you find at least 10 worms, your soil is healthy. If there are fewer, it is an indication that your soil lacks enough organic matter or is too alkaline or acidic.

The pH Test

The pH test measures the acidity level of the soil. The pH scale starts from 0 to 14, with 14 being extremely alkaline and 0 being extremely acidic. Most plants in your garden will thrive in environments with a pH of between 6 and 7. Conducting a pH test at home requires home test kits that are readily available online or in stores. When you use a pH test kit, ensure you follow the instructions indicated in the packaging to the letter. Once you determine if your soil is too acidic or alkaline for plant growth, take the appropriate steps to remedy it.

NB: If you need more information about your soil’s health, you should consult agriculture or soil experts.

Professionals usually have equipped labs to conduct special tests. Check the nearest soil expert online and book a consultation with them. They will require a sample of soil from your garden to conduct advanced tests. It is your responsibility to ensure the expert you choose is qualified and licensed.

Supply what’s missing

Soil tests, especially the advanced ones conducted by experts, will help you know what your soil is lacking. This information will guide you in taking suitable amendment steps. It will come in handy when choosing the kind of fertilizer to add to your soil. It is better to use organic fertilizers in your garden as opposed to chemical-based ones. Always use the fertilizer as per the instructions, making sure you mix from the center of the garden if you intend to plant vegetables. If you have a perennial garden, add the fertilizer without digging up any soil.

Why nitrogen is important

Although there are several essential nutrients for plant growth, we will single out nitrogen because most soils have a short supply. Nitrogen is required to feed both soil organisms and plants. In fact, this essential nutrient determines long-term soil health. Each year, make sure you add enough nitrogen to your garden. Some of the sources of concentrated nitrogen in the soil are seeds, organic fertilizers, and blood. Manure and compost also add some nitrogen to the soil, but not in sufficient amounts.

Pull, Cover, Smother

Weeds are the worst enemy of your plants. Before planting anything in your garden, get the weeds under control to stop them from stealing all the organic nutrients from your plants. One of the simplest ways to control weeds is by mulching. When the garden beds are covered, you get a jump on weeds. At the same time, the mulch feeds the soil with organic material. It is also necessary to pull any weeds that emerge when they are still small and easy to pull out.

Recycle Perennials

Most Americans have beautifully landscaped gardens containing woodlands, hedges, or fruit trees. These plants are beneficial in soil amendment. You can prune the trees, trim the hedges, and use perennial cutting to feed the soil. This is called recycling perennials. The trimmings and cuttings make excellent mulch. When they are still green, they are a source of nitrogen for the soil. Softer perennial cuttings can be used as mulch or sheet mulch compost. You can chop the cuttings into small pieces before mulching.

Let soils dry

Sometimes, letting soil be is the best decision you can make. Every beginner or expert gardener knows about the planting season, which is spring. Before you plant your vegetables or other plants, it is wise to let the soil dry before digging or manipulating it. If you walk or drive on wet soil, you compact it and destroy its structure. The same happens if you dig it up using a rototiller or a hoe. Compacting the soil means that you squeeze out the air that microorganisms need to breathe, and your plants need to grow.

Always check if your soil is ready for digging in the spring before you do anything. Take a bit of soil in your hand and squeeze it. If water comes out, it is not ready for digging or planting. Let it remain untouched for about a week to dry out properly. It is important to mention that clay soil may take longer than a week to dry out because it retains moisture longer than loam soil.

Prevent soil compaction

Compacting your soil is one of the worst things you can do. Compacted soil does not support the optimal growth of plants. It causes stunted plant growth, nutrient deficiency, and poor root establishment. You compact your soil by working it through before it dries out. You can reduce soil compaction by:

• Avoid working wet soil because it is susceptible to compaction. Always check the moisture level of your soil before digging or walking on it to ascertain its readiness.
• Always use the correct equipment when digging or working the soil. After ascertaining that the soil is ready for digging, use equipment that is not too heavy. Weighty equipment increases soil compaction. You should always invest in lightweight and high-quality gardening supplies for the best gardening experience.

Rotate Crops

Crop rotation [5] involves planting different crop varieties during different seasons or years in the same garden. The opposite of this is monocropping that involves planting the same plants in the same garden repeatedly over several seasons or years. Crop rotation offers various benefits, including the following:

Weed Control

Crop rotation ensures you use different herbicides with different modes of action. This ensures the plants do not become resistant to weed-control herbicides and ultimately controls weed growth in your garden.

Insect and Disease Control

Crops from the same family normally have the same insect infestations and diseases. When crops from different families are rotated, this is controlled.

Improved Soil Health

During crop rotation, plants with different root lengths are planted in the same garden at different times. Those with deeper roots mine nutrients from the inner soil layer, while plants with shallow roots get nutrients from the top layers. As a result, the rotation reduces soil compaction by loosening the soil, improves soil structure, and reduces surface crusting.

Improved Crop Yields

Crop rotation leads to improved soil fertility levels that in turn cause improved crop yields.

NB: Although crop rotation is recommended, there is no single formula for reaping all its benefits. Rotation should be based on the size of your garden, budget, and needs.

Add animal manure

Adding animal manure [6] to your garden is one simple way of improving your garden soil. Manure contains plenty of essential nutrients, and it keeps plants green and healthy. Proper application of manure is key for you to reap the benefits of its use. It is best to mix it with compost to prevent the risk of burning your plants.

Alternatively, you can till the manure in the soil during fall or winter as you await the spring planting season. This will allow ample time for the manure to break down.

You can use manure from the domestic animals you have in your home or local garden centers. However, you should not use cat or dog manure in your garden because it is likely to contain parasites. Animal manure supports and promotes plant growth. As the soil and manure interact, the manure releases nutrients into the soil and also conditions the soil, loosens compacted soil particles, and increases the amount of carbon in the soil. All these benefits manifest in green and healthy plants.

Summary

Fertile and healthy soil is a must-have if you want healthy plants in your garden. Not all soils are the same, and some have reduced fertility due to different reasons. You can improve your garden soil regardless of the state it is in right now. The simple tips and techniques discussed above will assist you in remedying and enhancing your garden soil’s fertility and health.

Get a Soil Test Kit to find out for sure.

Citations

1. https://www.theprairiehomestead.com/2016/06/improve-garden-soil.html
2. https://www.gardenista.com/posts/dirty-secrets-10-ways-to-improve-garden-soil/
3. https://organicgrowersschool.org/gardeners/library/growing-your-soil/
4. https://www.thespruce.com/easy-diy-soil-tests-2539856
5. https://www.noble.org/news/publications/ag-news-and-views/2013/november/crop-rotation-yields-many-benefits/
6. https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/composting/manures/the-benefits-of-manure-in-your-garden.htm#